===============
Kinase Activity
===============

Ask1--

  *** xJnk?[tAb]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: HEK293 in BMS
    *** inhibited by: xAsk1(K709M)"KD" [addition]
    *** source: 9774977-Fig-3b

not Irak1--

  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMLS
    *** does not req: Irak1 [KO]
    *** source: 9625767(D)

not Irak4--

  *** Jnks[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (30 min)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** does not req: Irak4 [KO]
    *** source: 11923871(D)

Map4k4--

  *** xJnk1[tAb]IP IVKA(MBP)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: HEK293T<xJnk1> in BMS
    *** inhibited by: xMap4k4(K54R) [substitution]
    *** inhibited by: xMap4k4(K54E) [substitution]
    *** source: 9890973-Fig-8b

Map4k5--

  *** xJnk3[tAb]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: HEK293T in BMS
    *** reqs: Map4k5 [AntiSense]
    *** source: 9405407-Fig-4c

not Mekk4--

  *** xJnk1[tAb]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: HELA in BMLS
    *** unaffected by: xMekk4(K1371R)"DN" [addition]
    *** source: 9305639-Fig-11b

Mlk3--

  *** Jnks[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 8++ 10+++ 12+++ 15+++ 30+ 60+ min
    *** partially reqs: Mlk3 [KO]
    *** source: 15831472(D)

Mkk4/Mkk7--

  *** Jnks[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 10++ 15++ 30+ 60 min
    *** partially reqs: Mkk4 [KO]
    *** reqs: Mkk7 [KO]
    *** reqs: Mkk4 and/or Mkk7 [DKO]
    *** source: 11390361-Fig-5a
  *** Jnks[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10+++ 20++ 45+ 60+ 180 min
    *** does not req: Mkk4 [KO]
    *** partially reqs: Mkk7 [KO]
    *** reqs: Mkk4 and/or Mkk7 [DKO]
    *** source: 15545623-Fig-5d

not P38--


Ripk1  ????

  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 10+ 15+ min
    *** bkg reqs: Ripk1 [KO]
    *** source: 12776182-Fig-1a
  *** Jnks[Ab]IP IVKA(Atf2)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 30++ 90+ min
    *** does not req: Ripk1 [KO]
    *** source: 9529147-Fig-6a

Syk--

  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: JURKAT<Pten~null> in BMS
    *** enhanced by: xSyk [addition]
    *** reqs: Syk [RNAi]
    *** source: 15240695-Fig-7a
  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: JURKAT<Pten~null> in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 10+ 15+ 30+ min
    *** inhibited by: Piceatannol [addition]
    *** source: 15240695-Fig-2c
  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is unchanged irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: JCam1 in BMS "Syk and Lck deficient"
    *** times: 0 5 10 15 30 min
    *** unaffected by: xLck [addition]
    *** source: 15240695-Fig-3c

Tnik--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (24 hr)
    *** cells: SW480 in BMS
    *** comment: no total protein control
    *** reqs: Tnik [RNAi]
    *** source: 21710659-Fig-3a

Traf2--

  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 30+ min
    *** partially reqs: Traf2 [KO]
    *** partially reqs: Traf2 and/or Traf5 [DKO]
    *** source: 11479302-Fig-2
  *** xJnk1[tAb]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** enhanced by: xTraf2 [addition]
    *** source: 14713952-Fig-2a
  *** xJnk1[tAb]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** enhanced by: xTraf2 [addition]
    *** source: 14713952-Fig-3c
  *** Jnks[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 30+ 90 min
    *** reqs: Traf2 [KO]
    *** source: 9390694-Fig-6c
  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 10+ 15+ min
    *** partially reqs: Traf2 [KO]
    *** source: 12776182-Fig-1a

No extras

  *** xJnk1[tAb]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: HEK293 in BMS
    *** source: 10346818-Fig-2b
  *** xJnk3[tAb]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: NIH3T3 in BMLS
    *** source: 9006902-Fig-2a
  *** xJnk3[tAb]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (tnr)
    *** cells: HEK293 in BMS
    *** source: 9712898-Fig-5a
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (20 min)
    *** cells: HEK293T in BMS
    *** source: 10755617(D)
  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: HEK293 in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 20+ 30+ min
    *** source: 16291755-Fig-3c
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TGY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: 3T3L1 in BMS "differentiated into adipocytes"
    *** times: 0 5+ 10++ 15++ 30+ 60+ 120+ 360+ 720+ min
    *** source: 17500068-Fig-4c,4d
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TGY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: 3T3L1 in BMS "differentiated into adipocytes"
    *** times: 0 5+ 15+ 30+ 60+ 120+ 360+ 720+ min
    *** source: 17500068-Fig-8c,8d
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TGY)[phosAb] is increased irt anti-TnfR1 (times)
    *** cells: 3T3L1 in BMS "differentiated into adipocytes"
    *** times: 0 5+ 15+ 30+ 60+ 120+ 360+ 720+ min
    *** source: 17500068-Fig-8c,8d
  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Atf2)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** times: 0 15+ 30++ 60++ 120+ min
    *** source: 7535770-Fig-7
  *** Jnks[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: JURKAT<Pten~null> in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 15++ 30++ 60++ 90+ min
    *** source: 11907583-Fig-1d
  *** Jnks[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: JURKAT<Pten~null><xTnfR2> in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 15++ 30 60 90 min
    *** source: 11907583-Fig-1d
  *** Jnks[Ab]IP IVKA(Atf2)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: CT6 in BMS
    *** source: 9169478-Fig-1b

Chemicals

  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (tnr)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** unaffected by: Geldanamycin [addition]
    *** source: 11864612-Fig-5d
  *** Jnks[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: U937 in BMS
    *** times: 0 3+ 5+ 7++ 10++ min
    *** inhibited by: Monodansylcadaverine [addition]
    *** source: 10187805-Fig-5a

===========================
Phosphorylation on TPY site
===========================

Ask1--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TEY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: hUVECs in BMS
    *** unaffected by: xAsk1 [addition]
    *** bkg inhibited by: xAsk1(K709M) [addition]
    *** source: 14720501-Fig-4

not EgfR--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** times: 0 5 10+ min
    *** does not req: EgfR [RNAi]
    *** source: 19687304-Fig-7b

Ikks--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 20+ min
    *** does not req: Ikk1 [KO]
    *** source: 15833743-Fig-S1
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 20+ min
    *** partially reqs: Ikk2 [KO]
    *** source: 15833743-Fig-S1

not Irak4--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 15+ 30+ min
    *** unaffected by: xIrak4(K213A/K214A)"KD" [addition]
    *** source: 17337443-Fig-3c

Mekk1--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mESCs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10+ 30+ 60 min
    *** inhibited by: kMekk1(1-1188)"del-kinase-domain" [addition]
    *** source: 10805784-Fig-2

not Mekk3--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMLS
    *** times: 0 10++ 15++ 30+ min
    *** does not req: Mekk3 [KO]
    *** source: 18021073-Fig-8b

Mkk4/Mkk7--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** partially reqs: Mkk4 [KO]
    *** partially reqs: Mkk7 [KO]
    *** reqs: Mkk4 and/or Mkk7 [DKO]
    *** source: 15545623-Fig-5a
  *** xJnk1[tAb]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: KB in BMS
    *** inhibited by: xMkk7(mnr)"KD" [addition]
    *** source: 9384583-Fig-6b

Mlk3--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: CCD18CO in BMLS
    *** reqs: Mlk3 [RNAi]
    *** source: 15258589-Fig-2a
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: JURKAT<Pten~null> in BMLS
    *** reqs: Mlk3 [RNAi]
    *** source: 15258589-Fig-2e

Nemo--  need evidence for ubiq

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 20+ min
    *** partially reqs: Nemo [KO]
    *** source: 15833743-Fig-S1

not P38--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** unaffected by: SB203580 [addition]
    *** source: 15304344-Fig-5a
  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 10++ min
    *** does not req: P38a [RNAi]
    *** source: 15590691-Fig-7c

Ripk1  ????

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 20++ 30+ min
    *** reqs: Ripk1 [KO]
    *** source: 15833743-Fig-3b
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 15++ min
    *** reqs: Ripk1 [KO]
    *** source: 12776182-Fig-1b

Rnf11--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: THP1 in BMS
    *** times: 0 15+ 30 120 240 min
    *** comment: decrease at 30 min reqs Rnf11 [RNAi]
    *** source: 19131965-Fig-6b
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: THP1 in BMS
    *** times: 0 15+ 30+ 60 120 240 min
    *** comment: decrease at 60 min reqs Rnf11 [RNAi]
    *** source: 19131965-Fig-3a
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: THP1<Rnf11~null><xRnf11> in BMS
    *** times: 0 15+ 30 120 240 min
    *** comment: decrease at 120 min is inhibited by substitution with xRnf1(C99A)
    *** comment: decrease at 120 min is inhibited by substitution with xRnf1(Y40A)
    *** source: 19131965-Fig-6b

Tab1/Tab2/Tab3--

  *** Jnk1[Ab] phos[WBMS] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** partially reqs: Tab2 [RNAi]
    *** partially reqs: Tab3 [RNAi]
    *** reqs: Tab2 and/or Tab3 [DRNAi]
    *** source: 14633987-Fig-7d
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 15+ 30 60 min
    *** does not req: Tab1 [KO]
    *** does not req: Tab2 [KO]
    *** source: 16260493(D)
  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (5 min)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** partially reqs: Tab1 [RNAi]
    *** source: 15590691-Fig-6a
  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (5 min)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** partially reqs: Tab2 [RNAi]
    *** source: 15590691-Fig-6b

Tak1--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 20++ 30+ min
    *** reqs: Tak1 [KO]
    *** source: 16186825(D)
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 15+ 30 60 min
    *** reqs: Tak1 [KO]
    *** source: 16260493(D)
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs<Tak1~null> in BMS
    *** times: 0+ 5++ 10++ 15++ 30+ min
    *** enhanced by: xTak1 [addition]
    *** partially inhibited by: xTak1(K158R) [addition]
    *** source: 20038579-Fig-7a
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (5 min)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** reqs: Tak1 [RNAi]
    *** source: 19393267-Fig-1b
  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (5 min)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** partially reqs: Tak1 [RNAi]
    *** source: 15590691-Fig-5d
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** reqs: Tak1 [RNAi]
    *** source: 19687304-Fig-4a

Tax1bp1--  ???

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs<Tax1bp1~null><xTax1bp1> in BMS
    *** times: 0 15++ 30+ 60 120 min
    *** comment: decrease after 15 min reqs xTax1bp1 [omission]
    *** comment: decrease after 15 min reversed by xTax1bp1(S593A/S666A) [substitution]
    *** source: 21765415-Fig-3a

inhibition by Tnafaip3--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 20+ 30+ 60+ 90 120 180 min
    *** partially repressed by: Tnfaip3 [KO]
    *** source: 11009421-Fig-2f
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mThyCs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 20+ 30+ 60 min
    *** partially repressed by: Tnfaip3 [KO]
    *** source: 11009421-Fig-2c

TnfR1--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mBMMs in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 15++ 30 45 min
    *** reqs: TnfR1 [KO]
    *** source: 18641654-Fig-1b

Tpl2--  ???

  *** Jnks[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (tnr)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** partially reqs: Tpl2 [KO]
    *** source: 15833743-Fig-1a
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mBMMs in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 10++ 20+ min
    *** does not req: Tpl2 [KO]
    *** source: 15833743-Fig-1b
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 20++ 30+ 40 60 min
    *** partially reqs: Tpl2 [KO]
    *** source: 15833743-Fig-1a

Tradd--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mBMMs in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 15++ 30 45 min
    *** partially reqs: Tradd [KO]
    *** source: 18641654-Fig-1b
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 5 15++ 30+ 45 min
    *** reqs: Tradd [KO]
    *** source: 18641654-Fig-1a

Traf2--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 15++ min
    *** reqs: Traf2 [KO]
    *** source: 12776182-Fig-1b
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** inhibited by: xTraf2(87-501)"DN" [addition]
    *** source: 12591926-Fig-5b

requirement for [Traf2 - K63ubiq] is inferred from requirement for Ubc13

not Traf5--

  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** times: 0 10++ 30+ min
    *** does not req: Traf5 [KO]
    *** source: 11479302-Fig-2

not Traf6--

  *** Jnk1[Ab]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: mEFs in BMS
    *** does not req: Traf6 [KO]
    *** source: 16260598-Fig-6d

Ubc13--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** reqs: Ubc13 [RNAi]
    *** source: 14713952-Fig-4e
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: HEK293<xMap4k5> in BMS
    *** partially inhibited by: xUbc13(C87A)"E2-inactive" [addition]
    *** source: 12591926-Fig-4a
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: HEK293<xMap4k5> in BMS
    *** partially inhibited by: xUbc13(C87A)"E2-inactive" [addition]
    *** source: 12591926-Fig-4b
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: HEK293 in BMLS
    *** inhibited by: xUbc13(C87A) + xUbiq(K63R) [addition]
    *** comment: inhibited by cotransfection of Ubc13-AS-DNA and Ubiq(K63R)
    *** source: 12591926-Fig-2c
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** inhibited by: xUbc13(C87A)"E2-inactive" [addition]
    *** inhibited by: xUbiq(K63R) [addition]
    *** source: 12591926-Fig-5b

not Usp21--

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 10++ 15++ 30+ min
    *** does not req: Usp21 [RNAi]
    *** source: 19910467-Fig-4b


Chemicals

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (5 min)
    *** cells: KB in BMS
    *** enhanced by: SB203580 [addition] no-bkg-control
    *** unaffected by: PD184352 [addition] no-bkg-control
    *** source: 14592977-Fig-10
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TEY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: hUVECs in BMS
    *** inhibited by: Ebselen [pretreatment]
    *** source: 14720501-Fig-2
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TEY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: hUVECs in BMS
    *** times: 0 5+ 10++ 15++ 30+ 60 min
    *** source: 14720501-Fig-1a

No extras

  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TEY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (10 min)
    *** cells: hUVECs in BMS
    *** source: 14720501-Fig-1c
  *** Jnks[phosAb] phos(TPY)[phosAb] is increased irt Tnf (times)
    *** cells: HELA in BMS
    *** times: 0 10+ 30 60 min
    *** source: 19687304-Fig-3a
  *** xJnk2[tAb]IP IVKA(Jun)[32P-ATP] is increased irt Tnf (15 min)
    *** cells: HEK293T<xJnk2> in BMS
    *** source: 10521462-Fig-5a
