|
 |
  | acetylation[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the total acetylation of Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Protein Sort, or Family; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-Subject immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to acetylated lysine.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-acetylated-lysine immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are incubated in medium containing [3H]-sodium-acetate for 1 hr.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated from cell lysate and separated on an SDS-PAGE gel.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Acetylation is determined by autoradiography.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are incubated in medium containing cycloheximide (CHX) and [3H]-sodium-acetate for 1 hr.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated from cell lysate and separated on an SDS-PAGE gel.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Acetylation is determined by autoradiography.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is incubated with a putative acetyltransferase in the presence of 14C-acetyl-CoA.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of 32P transferred from [14C]-acetyl-CoA to Subject is detected by autoradiography.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | acetylation(Site(s))[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the acetylation of Subject at a specific site
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Protein Sort, or Family; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): AcAb
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of a cell lysate, immunoprecipitate, or recombinant protein is stained with an antibody that detects a specific acetylation site when it is acetylated.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | boundby[DetectionMethod]Hook
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of Subject bound directly by another protein(s), chemical, peptide, or nucleic acid (Hook)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Hook(s): Protein, Family, Composite, IP, Chemical, Peptide, Oligo
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject and Hook are mixed together in a test tube.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Hook is removed from the mix with anti-Hook antibodies or expression tags.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of Subject bound to Hook is determined by Western blot or autoradiography (if Subject is radiolabelled).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Hook is attached to a solid support.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is added and allowed to bind to Hook.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Unbound Subject is washed away.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of bound Subject is detected by an anti-Subject antibody.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cell lysate or recombinant protein is separated on an SDS-PAGE gel and transferred to a WB membrane.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Hook is added to the membrane.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The binding of Hook to Subject is determined by the location of Subject on the blot.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Limitation: This only measures the binding of Hook to denatured Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject fused to the Gal4 DNA binding domain is coexpressed with Hook fused to the the strong transcriptional activation domain of the VP16 protein and a Gal4 dependent Luciferase reporter.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of Luciferase expressed is measured by a Luciferase activity assay.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Hook is attached to a solid support.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is added and allowed to bind to Hook.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Unbound Subject is washed away.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of bound Subject is detected by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are incubated with labeled ligand (Hook).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Free ligand is washed off, bound ligand is covalently cross-linked to receptors (Subjects).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cell Lysates are run on SDS-PAGE gels.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Ligand bound to receptor is measured by Western blot or autoradiography (if Hook was radiolabled).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of Subject bound to a gene
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject: Protein, Family, or Composite: IP not OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): ChIP
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are treated with formaldehyde to cross-link proteins to gene-promoters.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are lysed and chromatin is sheared by sonication or enzymic digestion.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated from sheared lysates.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Immunoprecipitates are heated to reverse cross-links.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Protein is removed from samples with Proteinase-K.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Amount of Gene in the sample is determined by PCR using primers to Gene-promoter.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | cleavage[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the cleavage of Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein or Family; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): WBMS
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of a cell lysate, immunoprecipitate, or recombinant protein is stained with an antibody that recognizes the cleavage product of subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | cleavage(Site)[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the cleavage of Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): ClAb
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of a cell lysate, immunoprecipitate, or recombinant protein is stained with an antibody that recognizes the cleavage product of subject cleaved at a specific site.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | colocwith[DetectionMethod]Hook
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the colocalization of Subject with Hook
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Proteins, Family, or Composites; IP not OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are transfected with plasmids expressing Subject and/or Hook fused to fluorescent proteins or stained with fluorescent antibodies against Subject and/or Hook.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Images of staining patterns of Subject and Hook are superimposed.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A change in the color of both markers indicates colocalization.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are transfected with plasmids expressing Subject fused to a donor fluorophore and Hook fused to an acceptor fluorophore or stained with antibodies labeled with donor and acceptor fluorophores against Subject and Hook.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Colocalization (energy transfer) is detected as an increase in donor fluorescence (dequenching) after complete photobleaching of the acceptor molecule.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are stained with antibodies against Subject and Hook.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Images are made using an electron microscope.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Colocalization is determined as defined by observer.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | copptby[DetectionMethod]Hook
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of Subject coprecipitated by Hook
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Proteins, Family, or Composites; IP not OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): WB Xlink
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Hook is immunoprecipitated from a cell lysate.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of the immunoprecipitate is stained for Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are treated with a chemical crosslinker before lysis.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Hook is immunoprecipitated from cell lysate.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of the immunoprecipitate is stained for Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | dimerization[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the dimerization of Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein or Family; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Lysates or immunoprecipitates are run on non-denaturing PAGE gels, blotted, and stained for Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Note: If the dectected Protein complex is approximately twice the molecular weight of the uncomplexed Protein, then the assay is called "dimerization". Otherwise, "oligomerization" is used.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Limitations: Does not distinquish between a complexes of Subject:Subject and Subject:OtherProtein.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Gal4-reporter[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the activity of a transcripton factor (Subject)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): expressed Protein fused to Gal4-DNA-binding domain
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): Luc CAT
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are transfected with a plasmid expressing the Subject fused to the DNA binding domain of Gal4 and another plasmid expressing Luc or CAT driven by a promoter containing a Gal4 response element.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of Luc or CAT expressed is measured by activity assays.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | GDP-dissociation[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of GDP released from Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): recombinant Protein
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is preloaded with labeled GDP.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is incubated with a putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of GDP released is detected by:
|
 |
 |
 |
  | liquid scintillation counting (3H-GDP)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | fluorimeter (for Mant-GDP)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | GTP-association[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of GTP bound to Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): recombinant Protein
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is incubated with labeled GTP and a putative guanine nucleotide exchange factor.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is bound to nitrocellulose and washed to removed unbound GTP
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of GTP bound is detected by:
|
 |
 |
 |
  | liquid scintillation counting (for 35S-GTP or 32P-GTP)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cherenkov counting (for 32P-GTP)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | fluorimeter (for Mant-GTP)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | GTP-bdpd[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of Subject bound to GTP
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP not OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): WB FRET
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The GTPase binding domain of a GTPase effector is added to a cell lysate.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The GTPase binding domain is precipitated from a cell lysate.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of the immunoprecipitate is stained for Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are transfected with plasmids expressing a chimeric protein consisting of a GTP-binding protein (Subject), the binding domain of a protein that only binds to Subject bound to GTP, and yellow-emitting (YFP) and cyan-emitting (CFP) GFP mutants.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | GTP binding to Subject increases the efficiency of FRET between CFP and YFP.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | GTP-hydrolysis[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of GTP released from Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): recombinant Protein
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is preloaded with 32P-GTP.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is incubated with a putative GTPase activating factor.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is bound to nitrocellulose and washed to removed unbound GTP
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of 32P released (total 32P added - bound 32P) is determined by liquid scintillation or Cherenkov counting.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is preloaded with GTP.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is incubated with a putative GTPase activating factor.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of Pi released is determined by the MESG/phosphorylase system [9268338] which monitors free gamma-Pi release from bound GTP.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is preloaded with 32P-GTP.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is incubated with a putative GTPase activating factor.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Bound nucleotides are separated by TLC.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Total bound 32P is determined by liquid scintillation or Cherenkov counting.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Percent GTP is calculated.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | GTP-percent[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of Subject bound to GTP
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP required
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): TLC
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are preincubated with radioactive inorganic phosphate (32Pi).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated from cell lysates.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Nucleotides are eluted from the immunoprecipitates and separated by TLC.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of radioactivity in the GTP vs GDP spots is calculated.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | infraction(Fraction)[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the location of the Subject in a cell
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Fractions: cytoskeleton membrane PM2 nuclear P100 S100
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): WB
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are lysed and fractionated (see Fractionation section for methods and putative locations)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of Subject in each fraction is determined by Western blot.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | internalization[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of Subject internalized (no longer expressed on the cell surface)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, Composite, or Chemical; IP not OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are stained with antibodies to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Location of Subject is determined by microcopy.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A change from cell-membrane staining to cytoplasmic staining is an indication of internalization of Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject ligand is covalently labelled with 125I or another marker such as biotin
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Labeled ligand is added to cells causing the receptor to internalize with the ligand.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Ligand remaining on the cell surface is removed by washing with high salt and/or low pH.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Remaining radioactivity is counted in a gamma-counter.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | IVGefA(Substrate(s))[DetectionAssay]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the ability of the complex immunoprecipitated with Subject to cause exchange of GDP to GTP from a substrate
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP required
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Substrate(s): Protein
|
 |
 |
 |
  | An immunoprecipitate is incubated with a recombinant GTP-binding Protein preloaded with labeled GDP
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of GDP released is detected by:
|
 |
 |
 |
  | liquid scintillation counting (3H-GDP)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | fluorimeter (for Mant-GDP)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | IVKA(Substrate(s))(Site(s))[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the ability of the complex immunoprecipitated with Subject to phosphorylate a substrate
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP or recombinant Protein required
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Substrate(s): Protein(s), Peptide, auto
|
 |
 |
 |
  | More than one Protein (separated by commas) can be used as substrate to represent coupled reactions.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Site(s) are only used when phosAb is used as a detection method.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | An immunoprecipitate or recombinant protein is incubated with substrate in a kinase buffer containing required co-factors and [32P]-ATP.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The reaction mixture is separated on a SDS-PAGE gel. The amount of 32P transferred from [32P]-ATP to the substrate is detected by autoradiography.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | An immunoprecipitate or recombinant protein is incubated with substrate in a kinase buffer containing required co-factors and ATP.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The reaction mixture is separated on a SDS-PAGE gel.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The phosphorylation state of the substrate is determined using an antibody that detects a specific phosphorylation site when it is phosphorylated.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | An immunoprecipitate or recombinant protein is incubated with substrate in a kinase buffer containing required co-factors and ATP.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The reaction mixture is separated on a SDS-PAGE gel.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The phosphorylation state of the substrate is determined using an antibody to phosphotyrosine.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | An immunoprecipitate or recombinant protein is separated on a SDS-PAGE gel.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The gel is incubated with substrate in a kinase buffer containing required co-factors and [32P]-ATP.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The phosphorylation state of the substrate is determined by autoradiography.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | IVLKA(Substrate(s))[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the ability of the complex immunoprecipitated with Subject to phosphorylate a lipid substrate
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP required
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Substrate(s) can be: Lipid
|
 |
 |
 |
  | More than one lipid (separated by slashes) can be used as substrates
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): TLC
|
 |
 |
 |
  | An immunoprecipitate is incubated with lipid-substrate in a kinase buffer containing required co-factors and [32P]-ATP.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Reaction components are separated by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Production of phosphorylated lipid substrate is measured by autoradiography.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | LexA-reporter[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the activity of a transcripton factor Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): expressed Protein fused to LexA-DNA-binding domain
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): Luc CAT
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are transfected with a plasmid expressing the Subject fused to the DNA binding domain of LexA and another plasmid expressing Luc or CAT driven by a promoter containing a LexA response element.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of Luc or CAT expressed is measured by activity assays.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | locatedin(Position)[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the location of the Subject in a cell
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP not OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Positions: cell-membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, perinuclear-region, subnuclear-bodies
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): IHC
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are stained for Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Position of Subject in respect to cell is determine by microscopy
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of mRNA expressed by Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Gene
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Total RNA is prepared from the cells.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Relative amounts of mRNA are detected using one of the possible DetectionMethods.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | nuc-export[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of Subject exported from the nucleus
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): BProtein or Family; IP not OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are transfected with a plasmid expressing the Subject to Enterobacteria phage MS2 coat protein and a reporter plasmid encoding CAT or Luc and the bacteriophage MS2 translational operator RNA, with these two elements flanked by a pair of splice acceptor and donor sites.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Expression of CAT or Luc requires active nuclear export of the unspliced CAT or Luc mRNA.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of CAT or Luc expressed is measured by activity assays.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | GSN2 cells expressing Subject are fused with NIH3T3 cells using polyethylene glycol in the presence of CHX to block protein synthesis.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are stained with Hoechst dye 33258 which distinguishes GSN2 nuclei (smooth nuclear staining) from NIH3T3 nuclei (punctate nuclear staining).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are examined by fluorescence microscopy.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The presence of Subject in NIH3T3 nuclei is indicative of nuclear export.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | nuc-import[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of Subject imported into the nucleus
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): recombinant Protein
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is mixed with cytosolic extracts to provide Kpnas and Kpnb1 and added to cells treated with digitonin to permeabilize the plasma membrane but leave nuclear membranes intact.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of Subject imported into the nucleus is determined by immunohistochemistry.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | oligo-binding[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the ability of the Subject to bind a DNA oligo containing at least one copy of its consensus binding sequence.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP not OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | the name and sequence of the oligo are supplied in the oligo field if available
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Nuclear extract or recombinant protein is incubated with a radiolabeled oligonucleotide and run on a Polyacrylamide gel.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Migration of the oligonucleotide is determined by autoradiograpy.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Binding of protein to the oligonucleotide is indicated by a changed in the mobility of the oligonucleotides.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The identity of Subject is inferred by the sequence of the oligonucleotide [RE] or by supershift after addition of anti-Subject antibody to protein:oligo complex [Ab].
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Nuclear extracts or total lysates are incubated with immobilized oligonucleotide.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Non-binding proteins are washed off and remaining proteins are analyzed by ELISA.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | oligomerization[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the oligomerization of Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): BProtein or Family; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is expressed in cells using two different expression tags.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunopreciptiated using one expression tag.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of the immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to the second expression tag.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject fused to a fluorescent protein is expressed in cells.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are stained with a fluorescent antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Images of staining pattern of Subject-fluorescent-protein and Subject-fluorescent-antibody are superimposed.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A change in the color of both markers indicates oligomerization.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject (recombinant protein only) is fractionated by density-gradient ultracentrifugation.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Fractions are collected, run on SDS-PAGE gels, blotted, and stained for Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the total phosphorylation of Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein or Family; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is incubated with a putative kinase (Treatment) in a kinase buffer containing required co-factors and [32P]-ATP.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The reaction mixture is separated on a SDS-PAGE gel.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of 32P transferred from [32P]-ATP to Subject is detected by autoradiography.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are preincubated with radioactive inorganic phosphate (32Pi).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated and run on an SDS-PAGE gel.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of 32P in the immunoprecipitate is detected by autoradiography.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of a cell lysate or immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Phosphorylation is implied by a decrease in the mobility shift of Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of a cell lysate or immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Phosphorylation is implied by a decrease in the mobility shift of Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Phosphorylation is confirmed by a loss of mobility shift in response to treating lysate or immunoprecipitate with a phosphatase before western blot.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | phos(Site(s))[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the phosphorylation of Subject at a specific site
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein or Family; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of a cell lysate or immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody that detects a specific phosphorylation site when it is phosphorylated.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated with an antibody to a phosphorylation site
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of the immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody that detects Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are preincubated with radioactive inorganic phosphate (32Pi).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated and analyzed for site phosphorylation by two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are preincubated with radioactive inorganic phosphate (32Pi).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated and digested with trypsin.
|
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  | Tryptic phosphopeptides are analyzed for site phosphorylation by HPLC followed by phosphoamino acid analysis and Edman degradation.
|
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 |
  | polymerization[DetectionMethod]
|
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  | Evidence provided: the polymerization of Subject
|
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  | Possible Subject(s): Protein or Family; IP OK
|
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  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): WB
|
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  | Subject is detected by Western Blot.
|
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  | A long smear rather than a single band is indicative of polymerization
|
 |
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  | promo-reporter[DetectionMethod]
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  | Evidence provided: the promoter activity of the Subject
|
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  | Possible Subject(s): Gene
|
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  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): Luc CAT
|
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  | Cells are transfected with a plasmid expressing Luc or CAT driven by the promoter of the Subject.
|
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  | The amount of Luc or CAT expressed is measured by activity assays.
|
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 |
  | prot-exp[DetectionMethod]
|
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  | Evidence provided: the amount of Subject expressed
|
 |
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  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot is stained with an antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
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  | Cells are permeabilized, stained with an antibody to Subject, and analyzed by FACS.
|
 |
 |
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  | Cells are preincubated with 35S-methionine and/or cysteine
|
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 |
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  | Subject is immunoprecipitated and run on an SDS-PAGE gel, and detected by autoradiography.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells lysates are incubated with immobilized antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of Subject bound to immobilized antibody is determine by staining with another antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | prot-stability[DetectionMethod]
|
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  | Evidence provided: the stabilty of the Subject expressed
|
 |
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  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cellular proteins are metabolically labeled with 35S.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | 35S is replaced with unlabelled amino acids and incubated for various times.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated and run on an SDS-PAGE gel, and detected by autoradiography.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Protein stability is calculated from the decrease in signal over time.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are treated with cycloheximide (CHX) to prevent protein synthesis.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Amount of Subject remaining over time is monitored by Western blot.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | ResponseElement-reporter[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the response of a reporter to a situation (ie not much)
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): none
|
 |
 |
 |
  | note: the subject of a reporter assay of this type is inferred from the sequence of the reporter plasmid itself
|
 |
 |
 |
  | future work will include hunting down the actual sequence of the reporters used and finding evidence that the reporters report what the authors say they do.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are transfected with a plasmid expressing Luc or CAT driven by the promoter.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of Luc or CAT expressed is measured by activity assays.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | secretion[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of Subject secreted by cells
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The concentration of Subject in the supernatant is analyzed by one of the possible DetectionMethods.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | snaggedby[DetectionMethod]Hook
|
 |
 |
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  | Evidence provided: the amount of Subject "pulled-down" from a lysate by Hook
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject: Protein, Family, or Composites; IP not OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Hook: recombinant or purified Protein or Chemical
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): WB
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Hook is added to a cell lysate.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Hook is precipitated from a cell lysate.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of the precipitate is stained for Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the phosphorylation of Subject on serine
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-Subject immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to phosphoserine.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-phosphoserine immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are preincubated with radioactive inorganic phosphate (32Pi).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated and run on an SDS-PAGE gel.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The band containing Subject is cut out of the gel and analyzed for serine phosphorylation by Phosphoamino Acid Analysis.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the phosphorylation of Subject on serine and threonine
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-Subject immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to phosphoserine/threonine.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-phosphoserine/threonine immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are preincubated with radioactive inorganic phosphate (32Pi).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated and run on an SDS-PAGE gel.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The band containing Subject is cut out of the gel and analyzed for serine and threonin phosphorylation by Phosphoamino Acid Analysis.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the sumoylation of Subject
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-Subject immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to Sumo or a tag on expressed Sumo.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Using SuAb-ppt or xSuAb-ppt:
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-Sumo or anti-Sumo-tag immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of a cell lysate or immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to Subject. A reduction in Subject mobility is indicative of sumoylation.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | surface-exp[DetectionMethod]
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the amount of Subject located on the surface of a cell
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP not OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The concentration of Subject on the surface of a cell is analyzed by FACS.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A ligand specific for Subject is added to cells on ice.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The amount of bound ligand is determined by scintillation counting.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | All the proteins on the surface of the cell are cross-linked to NHS-SS-biotin.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are washed to remove unreacted reagent, lysed, and precipitated with antibody against Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Precipitated proteins are analysed by western blot and detected using labeled avidin.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the phosphorylation of Subject on threonine
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-Subject immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to phosphothreonine.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-phosphothreonine immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are preincubated with radioactive inorganic phosphate (32Pi).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated and run on an SDS-PAGE gel.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The band containing Subject is cut out of the gel and analyzed for serine and threonin phosphorylation by Phosphoamino Acid Analysis.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the ubiquitination of Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Detection with K63UbAb is provides addition evidence that the bound ubiquitin is K63 linked.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Using UbAb, xUbAb, or K63UbAb:
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-Subject immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to ubiquitin, K63-linked polyubiquitin, or a tag on expressed or recombinant ubiquitin .
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Direct ubiquitination of subject can be determined by boiling lysates before immunoprecipitation to remove noncovalently attached proteins.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Using UbAb-ppt or xUbAb-ppt
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-Ubiquitin or anti-Ubiquitin-tag immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Direct ubiquitination of subject can be determined by boiling lysates before immunoprecipitation to remove noncovalently attached proteins.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of a cell lysate or immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to Subject. A reduction in Subject mobility is indicative of ubiquitination.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: Subject is modified in some way that causes a decrease in its mobility on a Western blot.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein or Family; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible DetectionMethod(s): WBMS
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of a cell lysate, immunoprecipitate, or recombinant protein is stained with an antibody that recognizes subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Evidence provided: the phosphorylation of Subject on tyrosine
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Possible Subject(s): Protein, Family, or Composite; IP OK
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-Subject immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to phosphotyrosine.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | A western blot of an anti-phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitate is stained with an antibody to Subject.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Cells are preincubated with radioactive inorganic phosphate (32Pi).
|
 |
 |
 |
  | Subject is immunoprecipitated and run on an SDS-PAGE gel.
|
 |
 |
 |
  | The band containing Subject is cut out of the gel and analyzed for serine and threonin phosphorylation by Phosphoamino Acid Analysis.
|
 |
 |
|
 |